ASSIGNMENT
Submitted To Submitted by
Soumya miss Arafa
Natural Science 1st Sem B.Ed
MEACT Commerce
Manjappara MEACT
Manjappara
INTRODUCTION
The increasing availability of open
Educational resources (OER)has become a valuable opportunity to foster access
to high quality educational content released by prestigious universities and
academic institutions around the world ,under open licences to allow their free
use, reuse and adaptation.
OER are digital
contents for teaching – learning purpose released under open intellectual
property licenses to enable their free use or repurposing .These resources
include full courses of academic programmes or learning material such as textbooks,,
lectures, assessments, and tests.
The term OER was initially adopted at 2002
UNESCO forum on the impact of open courses for higher education in developing
countries to refer some related contents such as “open courseware”, “open
learning resources” and “open teaching /learning resources”. Since then, the
OER initiative has been increasing in a sustained way, thanks in particular to
many universities around the world that have joined to this initiative.
The often used definition refers to OER as “teaching learning and
research materials in any medium that reside in the public domain and have been
released under an open license that permits access ,use repurposing ,reuse and
distributed on by others with no or limited restrictions.
The resources include materials of different granularity levels such as
full courses, syllabi, course material, textbooks, lessons, and assessment and
simulation software; furthermore, these can have different formats such as
WebPages, documents, presentation, video streaming, images and podcast. In the
case of full course, these can include resources in many formats that can be
used in a separate way.
One of the most representative
streams in OER fields is the open courseware, an initiative promoted by the Massachusetts
Institute of technology(MIF).
IMPORTANCE OF OER
Open education resources (OER) are
important for many reasons. One reason, is the cost textbooks, which is rising
at a rate higher than cost of tuition at many. Institutions, many students
simply cannot afford to buy textbook. OER is a way to make sure every student
has access to course materials, with cost taken out of the equation.
OER also allow faculty to create material
that is customised for their classes. Where most textbooks will have their
strengths and weakness.OER material allow a faculty member to pull only strong
material into their class.
OER also represents an opportunity to have
one’s own materials enhanced. By allowing materials to be modified by other
faculty around the world, OER creator has the chance to see material used in
ways never I imagined.
New sectioned and chapters can be
added and enhanced creating a work stronger than the original. That type of
exposure and collaboration is simply not possible with material that lives on a
local computer or only in print.
Finally, OER give faculty a wide variety
of material to draw upon for their own classes. Imagine being given a
last-minute assignment for an unfamiliar class – a textbook might help get you
up to speed but what about the syllabus? The assignment? OER gives a wide
variety of materials from which to build a class without having to start from
scratch.
OER is important because
it provides affordable material to students ,allow faculty to enhance their own
work and provides faculty with content for classes.
Learn what Open Educational Resources
(OER) is, why they matter, and how to find, use and adapt them for year
teaching
1. Open
Courseware
Open courseware is a free and open digital
publication of high quality college and university level educational materials.
These materials are organised as courses, and often include course planning
materials and evaluation tools as well as thematic content (Open Educational
consortium).
2. Learning
Modules
A learning module is a tool that provides
course materials in a logical, sequential, order, guiding students through the
content and assessments in the order specified by the instructor. Instructors
can insert formatted text, files, web links, discussion topics, assignments,
tests and quizzes and soon assessments. Content can be structured in such a way
as to require students to complex content before they are allowed to proceed to
the next content. It is also possible for instructors to set up a place for
students to add content to the learning module.
3. Open Textbooks
Open textbooks are typically authorised by
faculty and published on the web with the support of universities or new
commercial companies. This new business model enables free online access to
textbook.
4. Streaming Video
Streaming video is content sent in
compared form over the internet and displayed by the viewer in real time. With
streaming media, web user does not have to wait to download a file to play it. Instead
the media is sent in a continuous stream of data and played as it arrives. The
user needs a player which is a special program that uncompressed and sends
video data to the display and audio data to speakers. A player can be either an
integral part of a browser or downloaded from the software maker’s web site.
5. Open Access Journals
Open Access journals provide free,
immediate, online availability of research articles combined with the right to
use these articles fully in the digital environment. Open access is the needed
modern updated for the communication of research that fully utilizes the
internet for what it was originally built to do accelerate research.
6. Online Tutorials
An online tutorial is a self study
activities designed to teach a specific learning outcome. They are usually
delivered via a course management system. But can also be made available via
the internet or on a DVD .There are two main types of online tutorials.
*Record Tutorials
are video or screen cast recordings, typically of a subject expert presenting
information and ideas or giving a demonstration.
*Interactive Tutorials are
a structured collection of navigable web pages. Individual pages can contain
any combination of text, images, audio, video, self test questions and other
interactive activities. Interactive tutorials can also contain sreencasts .
Both types of online tutorials can be provided as supplementary learning
materials or as an integral part of a core activity .Because of the benefits
they offer , online tutorials are becoming commonplace within both programs of
learning and on a number of support service web sites.
7. Digital Learning Objects
Digital learning objects are small, modular,
discrete unit of learning designed for electronic delivery and use. To
facilitate reuse with a minimum of
effort a learning objects is “packaged “to include a lesson, an activity , and
an assessment .the most reusable learning objects will have a learning outcome
that is concrete and fundamental to a broad range of courses.
CONCLUSION
Open Educational Resources are freely
accessible openly licences text , media, and other digital assets that are
useful for teaching , learning , and assessing as well as for research
purposes. The term OER describes publically accessible materials and resources
for any user to use, remix, improve and redistribute under some licences. The
development and promotion of open educational resources is often motivated by a
desire to provide an alternate or enhanced educational paradigm.
REFERENCES
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